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The Holocene
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Early-Holocene environments in the Wadi Faynan, Jordan

C. O. Hunt

Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD] 3DH, UK c.o.hunt{at}hud.ac.uk

H. A. Elrishi

Department of Geography, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya

D. D. Gilbertson

Department of Geography, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK

J. Grattan

Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales Aberystwyth, Llandinam Building, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 8AX, UK

S. Mclaren

Department of Geography, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE] 7RH, UK

F. B. Pyatt

Department of Life Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NGJJ 8NS, UK

G. Rushworth

Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD] 3DH, UK

G. W. Barker

Department of Archaeology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE] 7RH, UK; Institute for Archaeological Research, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK

Evidence for early-Holocene environments in the Wadi Faynan in the rift-margin in souther Jordan is described. The early Holocene of Jordan is not well known and palynology, plant macrofossils and molluscs from Wadi Faynan provide evidence for a much more humid-forest-steppe and steppe-environment than the present stony desert and highly degraded steppe. The early-Holocene fluvial sediments in the Faynan catchment are predominantly fine-grained, epsilon crossbedded and highly fossiliferous. They provide convincing evidence for meandering perennial rivers before 6000 cal. BP. It is probable that this early-Holocene landscape was disrupted by the impact of early farmers and by climate change-the 8.1 ka event appears to be marked by desiccation. By the Chalcolithic, environmental degradation was well advanced.

Key Words: Jordan • early Holocene • palynology • vegetation history • palaeoenvironment • early farming • Wadi Faynan

The Holocene, Vol. 14, No. 6, 921-930 (2004)
DOI: 10.1191/0959-683604hl769rp
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